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Xin (concept)
In Chinese philosophy, xin can refer to one's "disposition" or "feelings" (), or to one's confidence or trust in something or someone (). Literally, ''xin'' (心) refers to the physical heart, though it is sometimes translated as "mind" as the ancient Chinese believed the heart was the center of human cognition. For this reason, it is also sometimes translated as "heart-mind". It has a connotation of intention, yet can be used to refer to long-term goals.〔Shun, Kwong Loi, "Mencius", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = 〕 Xunzi, an important early Confucian thinker, considered ''xin'' (心) to be cultivated during one's life, in contrast to innate qualities of ''xing'' (), or human nature.〔Robins, Dan, "Xunzi", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = 〕
A Daoist view, specifically from the philosopher Zhuangzi, understands ''xin'' (-?-) as being socialized, with environmental pressures influencing personal intentions, sometimes in such a way that can provoke disagreements and conflict. While a Confucian might take heart that ''xin'' (-?-) may be cultivated in order to develop ''de'', or moral virtue, Zhuangzi considered this socialization as detrimental to one's personal nature, somewhat along the lines of the later French philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. However, unlike Rousseau, René Descartes and many other Enlightenment-era European philosophers following the classical example of Plato, emotion and reason were not considered separate entities, but rather as coextensive; ''xin'' (-?-, but most likely 心) itself is a concept that is as much cognitive as emotional.〔Hansen, Chad, "Taoism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = 〕〔Ivanhoe, P.J., & Van Norden, B.W. (Eds.) (2001). Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 2nd Ed. Hackett Publishing Co.: Indianapolis, p. 393〕
==See also==
*''Qing'', a related concept
*Somatic marker hypothesis, a modern scientific hypothesis linking emotion and reason
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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